Hypoxia in Bone and Oxygen Releasing Biomaterials in Fracture Treatments Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Review

Bone fractures have a high degree of severity. This is usually result the physical trauma diseases that affect bone tissues, such as osteoporosis. Due to its highly vascular nature, in constant state remodeling. Although those younger ages possess bones with regenerative potential, impact disrupted vasculature can severely recovery process and cause osteonecrosis. commonly seen neck femur, scaphoid, talus bone. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been used aid regeneration afflicted However, cut-off blood supply due lead hypoxia-induced changes engrafted MSCs. Researchers designed several oxygen-generating biomaterials yielded varying degrees success enhancing tissue salvage preserving cellular metabolism under ischemia. These be utilized further improve for repair. this review, we touch on pathophysiology these review application enhance MSC-mediated repair three aforementioned parts